Learn
Practical guides and research explainers. Each one cites its sources and says what is uncertain.
- Research reviewSemaglutide vs tirzepatide vs retatrutide: what the trials showA side-by-side look at weight-loss results from the STEP, SURMOUNT and TRIUMPH trials, how the drugs differ in mechanism, and why cross-trial comparisons need care.
- Lab practicePeptide reconstitution: a bench guideHow lyophilized peptides are reconstituted in a lab: choosing a diluent, aseptic technique, mixing without damage, and storage before and after adding water.
- QualityHow to read a peptide certificate of analysisWhat HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity, net peptide content, endotoxin and counter-ion results on a peptide COA mean, and the red flags to look for.
- MethodHow to evaluate peptide researchA practical guide to judging peptide studies: the evidence hierarchy, why rodent results often fail in people, single-lab literatures, surrogate endpoints and company press releases.
- RegulationThe regulatory status of research peptides in the US (2026)What “research use only” means, the difference between approved, compounded and research peptides, FDA compounding categories, and the 2026 changes affecting BPC-157 and others.
- Research reviewRetatrutide clinical trial results, phase 2 to phase 3Results from retatrutide’s phase 2 obesity and diabetes trials and the 2026 TRIUMPH phase 3 topline data: weight loss by dose, liver fat, heart rate and side effects.
- CalculatorSeven common peptide calculator mistakesThe errors that most often produce wrong results in peptide reconstitution math: mg vs mcg, units vs mL, syringe types, blends, net content and rounding.
- SafetySide effects reported in peptide clinical researchAdverse effects reported in clinical trials by peptide class: GLP-1 agonists, growth hormone secretagogues, melanocortin agonists, and the extra risks of unregulated products.
- ExplainerGHRH analogs vs ghrelin mimetics: growth hormone secretagogues explainedHow the two classes of growth hormone secretagogues work, how sermorelin, tesamorelin, CJC-1295, ipamorelin, GHRP-2, GHRP-6 and MK-677 differ, and what the human data show.
- Lab practicePeptide storage and stabilityWhy peptides degrade, which amino acids are most vulnerable, and how temperature, light, moisture and pH affect lyophilized and reconstituted peptides.
- QualityHow to evaluate a peptide supplierA checklist for judging research peptide suppliers on testing, documentation and transparency, plus the red flags that suggest a product should not be trusted.
- CalculatorHow to calculate peptide cost per monthThe formula for working out cost per use, how long a vial lasts and monthly cost from vial price, vial size, amount per use and frequency, with worked examples.
- Compound noteBPC-157 acetate vs arginate: what the salt form changesThe difference between BPC-157 acetate and BPC-157 arginate salts, what is and is not known about their stability, and how salt form affects calculations.
- Compound noteSemaglutide salt forms and why they matterSemaglutide base versus semaglutide sodium and acetate salts: what the approved products contain, why salt forms appeared in compounding, and how mass differences affect math.